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From time to time you need to know how your server works. Zabbix is a tool that can help to solve this task. Here we tell you how to install and do first configuration of this monitoring system.

We assume that you have installed the base system. We will configure zabbix server, to do it you need to install some packages:

root@zabbix:~# apt install snmpd mariadb-server zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-agent apache2 zabbix-frontend-php php-mysql
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  apache2-bin apache2-data apache2-utils fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core
  fping libapache2-mod-php7.0 libapr1 libaprutil1 libdbi-perl libexpat1
  libfontconfig1 libfreetype6 libgd3 libiksemel3 libjbig0 libjpeg62-turbo
  libjs-jquery libjs-jquery-ui libjs-prototype libltdl7 liblua5.2-0
  libmariadbclient18 libodbc1 libopenipmi0 libpng16-16 libreadline5 libtiff5
  libwebp6 libx11-6 libx11-data libxau6 libxcb1 libxdmcp6 libxpm4 libxslt1.1
  mariadb-client-10.1 mariadb-client-core-10.1 mariadb-common
  mariadb-server-10.1 mariadb-server-core-10.1 mysql-common php php-bcmath
  php-common php-gd php-mbstring php-xml php7.0 php7.0-bcmath php7.0-cli
  php7.0-common php7.0-gd php7.0-json php7.0-mbstring php7.0-mysql
  php7.0-opcache php7.0-readline php7.0-xml rsync socat ttf-dejavu-core ucf
Suggested packages:
  www-browser apache2-doc apache2-suexec-pristine | apache2-suexec-custom
  php-pear libclone-perl libmldbm-perl libnet-daemon-perl
  libsql-statement-perl libgd-tools libjs-jquery-ui-docs libmyodbc
  odbc-postgresql tdsodbc unixodbc-bin mariadb-test netcat-openbsd tinyca
  snmptrapd snmp-mibs-downloader
Recommended packages:
  ssl-cert javascript-common libdbd-mysql-perl libterm-readkey-perl
  libhtml-template-perl usbutils php-ldap nmap
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  apache2 apache2-bin apache2-data apache2-utils fontconfig-config
  fonts-dejavu-core fping libapache2-mod-php7.0 libapr1 libaprutil1
  libdbi-perl libexpat1 libfontconfig1 libfreetype6 libgd3 libiksemel3
  libjbig0 libjpeg62-turbo libjs-jquery libjs-jquery-ui libjs-prototype
  libltdl7 liblua5.2-0 libmariadbclient18 libodbc1 libopenipmi0 libpng16-16
  libreadline5 libtiff5 libwebp6 libx11-6 libx11-data libxau6 libxcb1
  libxdmcp6 libxpm4 libxslt1.1 mariadb-client-10.1 mariadb-client-core-10.1
  mariadb-common mariadb-server mariadb-server-10.1 mariadb-server-core-10.1
  mysql-common php php-bcmath php-common php-gd php-mbstring php-mysql php-xml
  php7.0 php7.0-bcmath php7.0-cli php7.0-common php7.0-gd php7.0-json
  php7.0-mbstring php7.0-mysql php7.0-opcache php7.0-readline php7.0-xml rsync
  snmpd socat ttf-dejavu-core ucf zabbix-agent zabbix-frontend-php
  zabbix-server-mysql
0 upgraded, 70 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 92.8 MB of archives.
After this operation, 310 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y

It takes some time to complete the action.

After installation you should edit some configuration files.

SNMP

Open its configuration file (/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf) in a text editor and uncomment follow line:

#rocommunity public  localhost

This line allows full access from the localhost (but in read only mode). After editing it should look like:

rocommunity public  localhost

Save the changes and start the service:

root@zabbix:~# svcs snmpd
STATE          STIME    FMRI
disabled       17:55:37 svc:/network/snmpd:default
root@zabbix:~# svcadm enable snmpd
root@zabbix:~# svcs snmpd
STATE          STIME    FMRI
online         17:55:46 svc:/network/snmpd:default
root@zabbix:~#

The service is works now. You can inspect it, but you need another package (apt install snmp), just type in the command line snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost, you will see a big tree of the OIDs.

MariaDB

Zabbix needs a database, here we use mariadb server, let configure it:

start the service
root@zabbix:~# svcs mariadb
STATE          STIME    FMRI
disabled       17:45:42 svc:/database/mariadb:default
root@zabbix:~# svcadm enable mariadb         
root@zabbix:~# svcs mariadb
STATE          STIME    FMRI
online         18:02:35 svc:/database/mariadb:default
root@zabbix:~#

It works now, now we need to create a database and a new account for zabbix service, let do it:

database & account
root@zabbix:~# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 10.1.26-MariaDB-0+deb9u1+dilos3 DilOS 9.1

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> create database zabbix;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> create user zabbix@localhost identified by 'test';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
root@zabbix:~#

We created a new database called zabbix (create database zabbix;)

then we created a new local (localhost) user zabbix with the password test (create user zabbix@localhost identified by 'test';)

and the last command gives full access to the new database for the user (grant all on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost;)

Zabbix Agent

Edit its configuration (/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf), the only change you need to do is to uncomment follow line:

# User=zabbix

It should look like:

User=zabbix

The line tells the service to drop privileges to specified user, by default the service started as root (insecure at all).

And start the service:

starting zabbix-agent
root@zabbix:~# svcs zabbix-agent
STATE          STIME    FMRI
disabled       17:45:43 svc:/network/zabbix-agent:default
root@zabbix:~# svcadm enable zabbix-agent
root@zabbix:~# svcs zabbix-agent
STATE          STIME    FMRI
online         18:17:00 svc:/network/zabbix-agent:default
root@zabbix:~#

Now it works.

Zabbix Server

It is more complicated than the agent. Open its configuratiot file and edit it (/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf).

Specify the password to access the database (you did it at database stage, 'test'):

password
# DBPassword=

By default the password is empty, type here our password, "test" was chosen in this example and the line looks like:

DBPassword=test

Next line which should be changed is DBSocket. By default MariaDB uses different socket file:

# DBSocket=/tmp/mysql.sock

Just specify it here:

DBSocket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

Don't forget to drop privileges (as we did it for zabbix-agent)

drop privileges
User=zabbix

Save the changes. Next step is the database. The server requires valid data to start. The package has three files to do it:

root@zabbix:~# ls -l /usr/share/zabbix-server-mysql/*.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   51203 Dec 21  2016 /usr/share/zabbix-server-mysql/data.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1092968 Dec 21  2016 /usr/share/zabbix-server-mysql/images.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   10690 Jan  6 10:05 /usr/share/zabbix-server-mysql/schema.sql.gz

In this example we use they all. Restore them into the database:

restoring the database
root@zabbix:~# cd /usr/share/zabbix-server-mysql/
root@zabbix:/usr/share/zabbix-server-mysql# ls -l *.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   51203 Dec 21  2016 data.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1092968 Dec 21  2016 images.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   10690 Jan  6 10:05 schema.sql.gz
root@zabbix:/usr/share/zabbix-server-mysql# zcat schema.sql.gz images.sql.gz data.sql.gz | mysql zabbix
root@zabbix:/usr/share/zabbix-server-mysql#

Now we can start the server:

starting the service
root@zabbix:~# svcs zabbix-server
STATE          STIME    FMRI
disabled       17:45:44 svc:/network/zabbix-server:default
root@zabbix:~# svcadm enable zabbix-server
root@zabbix:~# svcs zabbix-server
STATE          STIME    FMRI
online         18:40:42 svc:/network/zabbix-server:default
root@zabbix:~#

IT WORKS! (wink)

Zabbix PHP frontend

There are many different ways to use it, we use it by default (as an example), enable the configuration, using a2enconf apache tool:

root@zabbix:~# a2enconf zabbix-frontend-php
Enabling conf zabbix-frontend-php.
root@zabbix:~#

Copy an example configuration to the main place and edit it:

root@zabbix:~# cp /usr/share/zabbix/conf/zabbix.conf.php.example /etc/zabbix/zabbix.conf.php
root@zabbix:~# cat /etc/zabbix/zabbix.conf.php
<?php
// Zabbix GUI configuration file.
global $DB;

$DB['TYPE']                             = 'MYSQL';
$DB['SERVER']                   = 'localhost';
$DB['PORT']                             = '0';
$DB['DATABASE']                 = 'zabbix';
$DB['USER']                             = 'zabbix';
$DB['PASSWORD']                 = '';
// Schema name. Used for IBM DB2 and PostgreSQL.
$DB['SCHEMA']                   = '';

$ZBX_SERVER                             = 'localhost';
$ZBX_SERVER_PORT                = '10051';
$ZBX_SERVER_NAME                = '';

$IMAGE_FORMAT_DEFAULT   = IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG;
root@zabbix:~#

In our example we need to change password only, in your real config you need more changes.

password
$DB['PASSWORD']                 = 'test';

Save the changes and let do the last step, and it is...

APACHE

Enable php module:

root@zabbix:~# a2enmod php7.0
Considering dependency mpm_prefork for php7.0:
Considering conflict mpm_event for mpm_prefork:
Considering conflict mpm_worker for mpm_prefork:
Module mpm_prefork already enabled
Considering conflict php5 for php7.0:
Module php7.0 already enabled

Also you need specify a timezone in the /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini file:

root@zabbix:~# grep date.timezone /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini 
; http://php.net/date.timezone
;date.timezone =

The line could look like:

timezone
date.timezone = Europe/Moscow

Now start the server:

start the service
root@zabbix:~# svcs http:apache24
STATE          STIME    FMRI
disabled       17:45:43 svc:/network/http:apache24
root@zabbix:~# svcadm enable http:apache24
root@zabbix:~# svcs http:apache24
STATE          STIME    FMRI
online         18:58:08 svc:/network/http:apache24
root@zabbix:~#

That's all.

Open your favorite browser and configure it:

http://<your-server-name>/zabbix

and you should see something like this:

Enter the user name and its password (by default it is admin, zabbix)


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